<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of ird-04351656</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-24T15:18:57+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Multi-decadal analysis of water resources and agricultural change in a Mediterranean semiarid irrigated piedmont under water scarcity and human interaction</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Youness</forename>
                <surname>Ouassanouan</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">bcd4f33dee231001cd4e22a223848efd</email>
              <email type="domain">um6p.ma</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1327345</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2616276-1327345</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-554240"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Younes</forename>
                <surname>Fakir</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2529181-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302207"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Vincent</forename>
                <surname>Simonneaux</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">b44e7f7126124d509f720289d2b5924e</email>
              <email type="domain">ird.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">vincent-simonneaux</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1176692</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">393706-1176692</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-5383</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/133983854</idno>
              <idno type="ISNI">http://isni.org/isni/0000000358970897</idno>
              <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/209094048</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-615"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mohamed Hakim</forename>
                <surname>Kharrou</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">943208-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-554240"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Houssne</forename>
                <surname>Bouimouass</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2234566-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Insaf</forename>
                <surname>Najar</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2616277-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mounia</forename>
                <surname>Benrhanem</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1420408-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-94788"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Fathallah</forename>
                <surname>Sguir</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2616278-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Abdelghani</forename>
                <surname>Chehbouni</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2304839-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-615"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-554240"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Vincent</forename>
                <surname>Simonneaux</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">b44e7f7126124d509f720289d2b5924e</email>
              <email type="domain">ird.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-12-18 18:28:17</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-03-19 17:04:01</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-12-21 11:12:24</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2022</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-12-18</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://ird.hal.science/ird-04351656v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-12-18"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://ird.hal.science/ird-04351656v1/file/Revised%20manuscript%20with%20no%20changes%20marked_production_ready.pdf" id="file-4351656-3788444">
                <date notBefore="2023-12-18"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="172615">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Vincent</forename>
                  <surname>Simonneaux</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">b44e7f7126124d509f720289d2b5924e</email>
                <email type="domain">ird.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">ird-04351656</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://ird.hal.science/ird-04351656</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">ouassanouan:ird-04351656</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Science of the Total Environment&lt;/i&gt;, 2022, &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155328"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155328&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Science of the Total Environment, 2022, &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155328&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-4351656-3788444"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRD">IRD - Institut de recherche pour le développement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE3">Université de Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNES">CNES - Centre national d'études spatiales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OMP">Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OMP-CESBIO" corresp="OMP">CESBIO : Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRAE">Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRAEOCCITANIETOULOUSE" corresp="INRAE">INRAE Occitanie Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-UT3">Université Toulouse 3</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-INP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-TOULOUSEINP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="RESEAU-EAU">Réseau "Systèmes Agricoles et Eau"</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Multi-decadal analysis of water resources and agricultural change in a Mediterranean semiarid irrigated piedmont under water scarcity and human interaction</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Youness</forename>
                    <surname>Ouassanouan</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">bcd4f33dee231001cd4e22a223848efd</email>
                  <email type="domain">um6p.ma</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1327345</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2616276-1327345</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-554240"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Younes</forename>
                    <surname>Fakir</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2529181-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302207"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Vincent</forename>
                    <surname>Simonneaux</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">b44e7f7126124d509f720289d2b5924e</email>
                  <email type="domain">ird.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">vincent-simonneaux</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1176692</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">393706-1176692</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-5383</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/133983854</idno>
                  <idno type="ISNI">http://isni.org/isni/0000000358970897</idno>
                  <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/209094048</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-615"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mohamed Hakim</forename>
                    <surname>Kharrou</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">943208-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-554240"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Houssne</forename>
                    <surname>Bouimouass</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2234566-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Insaf</forename>
                    <surname>Najar</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2616277-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mounia</forename>
                    <surname>Benrhanem</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1420408-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-94788"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Fathallah</forename>
                    <surname>Sguir</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2616278-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Abdelghani</forename>
                    <surname>Chehbouni</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2304839-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-615"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-554240"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">18830</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0048-9697</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1879-1026</idno>
                <title level="j">Science of the Total Environment</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <date type="datePub">2022</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155328</idno>
              <idno type="ird">fdi:010085338</idno>
              <idno type="pubmed">35452720</idno>
              <idno type="wos">000832996700012</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Mediterranean region precipitation streamflow groundwater agriculture trends analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Mediterranean region</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">precipitation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">streamflow</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">groundwater</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">agriculture</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">trends analysis</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.hy">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Mediterranean piedmonts are an important hydro-agricultural systems. They constitute the junction between the mountains, where the streamflow is generated, and the surrounding plains, where the water is used. In Morocco, these traditional systems extend largely along the High Atlas Mountains. Yet, changing conditions in the Mediterranean basin as well as recurrent droughts in recent decades remain poorly understood in terms of hydrological and agricultural impacts, particularly in traditional hydroagro-systems. The combined effects of climate variability and ineffective management of water resource dynamics may lead to increased water scarcity in these regions. The present work aims to assess the effects of climate variability and associated agricultural changes on water resources in a traditional irrigated piedmont of the Moroccan High Atlas. To that end, a trend analysis, together with change points detection, was carried out on annual and monthly precipitation, and streamflow from 1965 to 2018. Then, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was employed to identify meteorological droughts. Also, groundwater, and spring discharge data were analyzed and discussed from 1973 to 2021. SPI outcomes revealed three major droughts, in 1981-1988, 1999-2008, and 2013-2018. Although the precipitation data showed no significant trend, except for Tahannaout station, the average annual precipitation over the piedmont area decreased by 28%. Similarly, streamflow decreased significantly by almost 40% for all stations, as did the Abainou spring's discharge. Consistent with that, groundwater level has declined dramatically over the past decades in the downstream piedmont. These decreases in water cycle components were tightly aligned with droughts. Yet, irrigation diversions were maintained in both dry and wet periods. Paradoxically, this decrease in water resources was associated with an agricultural transition from seasonal crops (cereals) to perennial crops (olive trees). This conversion is likely to amplify the water shortage, leading to groundwater resources overexploitation to satisfy the growing agricultural demand.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-554240" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">270985085</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000460075493</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03xc55g68</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q61931430</idno>
          <orgName>Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique = Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Ben Guerir]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UM6P</orgName>
          <date type="start">2014-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir, 43150</addrLine>
              <country key="MA"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.um6p.ma/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-302207" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04xf6nm78</idno>
          <orgName>Université Cadi Ayyad = Cadi Ayyad University [Marrakech]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UCA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Av Abdelkrim Khattabi, B.P. 511 - 40000 - Marrakech</addrLine>
              <country key="MA"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.uca.ma/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-615" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">133863352</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 0382 8364</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200317531X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01225hq90</idno>
          <orgName>Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CESBIO</orgName>
          <date type="start">2001-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>bpi 2801 18 Av Edouard Belin 31401 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cesbio.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-67872" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-307314" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR5126" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="USC1439" active="#struct-577435" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-94788" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Agence de Bassin Hydrologique du Tensift</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ABHT</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Marrakech Maroc</addrLine>
              <country key="MA"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-323222" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-67872" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">050165224</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05q3vnk25</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRD</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>SiègeLe Sextant 44, bd de DunkerqueCS 9000913572 Marseille cedex 02</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ird.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404672</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121617331</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02v6kpv12</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q1273188</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT3</orgName>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-443875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017tgbk05</idno>
          <orgName>Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Comue de Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>41 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-307314" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNES</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>18 avenue Edouard Belin 31401 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-577435" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/003vg9w96</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INRAE</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-323222" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>ABHT</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>