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            <title xml:lang="fr">Pour une anthropologie symétrique entre "développeurs" et "développés"</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">development projects</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">symmetric analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Non Governmental Organizations</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">methodology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">anthropology</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">MAURITANIE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">TCHAD</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">STRATEGIE PAYSANNE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ELECTRIFICATION RURALE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">EPISTEMOLOGIE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ANTHROPOLOGIE DU DEVELOPPEMENT</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">MILIEU RURAL</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ELECTRICITE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ACCES AU CREDIT</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">PAYSANNERIE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">SYSTEME DE REPRESENTATIONS</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ANTHROPOLOGIE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ONG</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">AIDE AU DEVELOPPEMENT</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">PROJET DE DEVELOPPEMENT</term>
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              <p>When studying development projects, some anthropologists refuse to investigate symmetrically " developed " and " developers ", with the same weberian comprehensive postulate they claim for the populations they usually study. Analyzing two cases, this paper shows that this leads to non rigorous demonstration and biased interpretation. While they claim such a symmetric methodology, numbers of studies in French development anthropology tend to neglect the institutional frameworks of development projects and developers' concrete practices and representations. Important parts of what are concretely development projects, such as institutional configurations, practitioners' reflexivity, pro-jects as socio-technique processes, are thus left under analyzed, even if they give new light on the reality of development projects.</p>
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              <p>Dans leurs analyses de projets de développement, certains anthropologues refusent le principe de symétrie consistant à interroger les " développeurs " avec la même posture compréhensive qu'ils accordent aux populations qu'ils étudient d'habitude. A partir de deux cas, cet article montre que cela aboutit à des démonstrations peu rigoureuses et des interprétations biaisées. Tout en affirmant un tel principe de symétrie, nombre de travaux français en anthropologie du développement tendent à négliger les dispositifs institutionnels et l'analyse des pratiques et des représentations des développeurs. Une telle omission laisse dans l'ombre des parts importantes de ce qui constitue l'intervention de développement (les configurations institutionnelles, la réflexivité des agents de développement, les projets comme dispositifs socio-techniques, etc.), dont l'analyse éclaire pourtant la réalité des interventions et de leurs effets.</p>
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